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- Section 1
- Section 2
- Section 3
- Section 4
- Section 5
- Section 6
- Section 7
- Section 8
- Section 9
Section 1
- 1 Location map of the Inner Sound
- 2 View across the Inner Sound westwards from the Crowlin Isles towards the hills of Skye
- 3 The shell midden at Caisteal nan Gillean, Oronsay, at the time of the first excavations in 1882. After Grieve 1882
- 4 The finds from the middens in Oronsay included organic material that is usually not preserved elsewhere
- 5 Flaked stone tools from Kinloch, Rùm
- 6 SFS 2 Crowlin 1, the relationship between sites and the sea was of crucial importance
- 7 Field surveyors at work
- 8 View across the Inner Sound from Applecross
- 9 The sea lochs penetrate into the Scottish mainland
- 10 Staffin Bay opens into the heartland of north Skye
- 11 View across the Inner Sound from Sand, the island of Raasay lies in the background in front of the Skye coastline
- 12 Late glacial shoreline features at Lonbain, Applecross showing later settlement and cultivation remains
- 13 Test pitting in 1999
- 14 Survey work
- 15 Test pitting at SFS 8 Loch a Sguirr
- 16 Excavation at Sand
- 17 Post excavation work in the field
- 18 Open day at the excavations at Sand, April 2000
- 19 Open day, processing
- 20 Display panel for local exhibitions
Section 2
Section 2.1
- 21 The rocky coastline of Toscaig, Applecross peninsula
- 22 View along Loch Torridon from the south side of the Redpoint peninsula
- 1 Map of survey area
- 23 Sand rockshelter
- 24 Shovel pitting at SFS 152, Doire na Guaile, Rona
- 25 Shovel pitting, Applecross Manse
- 26 Survey areas, SFS and the Sea Loch Survey (SLS)
- 27 A typical test pit, on to bedrock at SFS 104, Fearnmore 1
- 28 Typical plan, SFS 20, Toscaig 2
- 29 Typical section drawing, SFS 20, Toscaig 2
- 30 Plan of test pit layout, SFS 195, 198, Scalpay 6a & b
- 31 Shovel Shovel pit transect and location of isolated find (x), SFS 197, Scalpay
- 32 SFS 188, Camas an Leim, Shovel pitted raised beach
- 25 Shovel pitting, Applecross Manse
- 33 Survey sheet
- 34 Survey sheet, reverse showing threat categories
- 35 Map of Inner Sound with the sub-areas defined and those sites with archaeology
- 36 Map of the Inner Sound showing site types and the SFS numbers for all sites with archaeology
- 37 SFS 19, Toscaig 1, Rockshelter enclosed by wall
- 38 Open midden at SFS 100, Fraser’s Croft
- 39 Site type by sub-area (in percent)
- 40 The blow out at SFS 9, Redpoint
- 41 Loch Diabeg, Upper Loch Torridan, general view
- 42 SFS 10, Allt Na Uamha, Loch Torridon
- 43 SFS 104, Fearnmore, general view, the site lies on the hill to the left of the small inlet
- 9 General view of the location of SFS 171, Meall-na-h-Airde 2, in woodland above the sea
- 44 SFS 171, Meall-na-h-Airde 2, close up view of entrance
- 45 SFS 185, Achintee, general view of the raised beach on which shovel pits revealed a lithic scatter of general prehistoric date
- 46 The North Applecross shoreline showing SFS 58, Rubha Chuaig
- 47 SFS 49, Craig-na-h-Uamha rockshelter showing the walling across the entrance
- 48 General view of Sand bay, in the foreground lies the steep and active sand dune
- 49 The rockshelter at SFS 4, Sand
- 50 SFS 75, Applecross Manse Mesolithic site, lithics were first noted in the disturbance caused by a digger and the site was subsequently shovel pitted
- 51 SFS 99, Clachan Church. Test Pit 2, post excavation general view
- 52 SFS 105, Uags 1, view of rockshelter and coastline
- 21 The Toscaig coastline has been conducive to the use of caves and rockshelters and to their preservation
- 53 SFS 88, Kishorn 4, internal view showing shell midden exposed on the surface
- 54 Site type by sub-area if S Applecross and the Crowlin Islands are placed together
- 55 View towards An Corran, from west
- 56 Find spot of SFS 29, An Corran B, in Staffin Bay
- 57 General view of the erosion at SFS 29, An Corran B
- 58 SFS 29, An Corran B, close up view of eroding turf with lithics to the right of the coin
- 10 Staffin Bay, view from An Corran around the general area of the bay in which lithics have been found
- 59 SFS 13, Strollamus 1, general view of site
- 24 SFS 152, Doire na Guaile
- 60 SFS 17, Church Cave, Rona, general view
- 61 SFS 17, Church Cave, Rona, view of entrance during test pitting
- 62 The east coast of Raasay
- 63 SFS 136, rockshelter, Raasay
- 64 SFS 8, Loch a Sguirr, Raasay, showing banding in the rock
- 65 General view of SFS 144, Clachan harbour, the site lies in the inter-tidal zone
- 66 SFS 144, Clachan harbour, closeup of preserved tree trunk among the inter-tidal deposits
- 67 Scalpay, general view of the location of the lithic scatters
- 6 SFS 2 Crowlin 1, general view
- 68 The percentage of caves and rockshelters within each sub-area that show evidence for past human activity
- 69 Relative depth of caves and rockshelters
- 70 Relative width of caves and rockshelters
- 71 Relative height of caves and rockshelters
- 72 Aspect of all caves and rockshelters
- 73 Distance to sea
- 74 Height above sea-level
- 12 North Applecross coastal scene by Lonban looking South
- 75 The coast at Toscaig gives an idea of the variety of landscape encountered by the surveyors
- 76 Shovel pitting and dry sieving at SFS 75, Applecross Manse
- 77 Test pitting at SFS 152, Doire na Guaile, Rona. Test pits could only sample a site
- 78 SFS 2, Crowlin 1, interior view showing rockfall: the archaeological deposits lie among the rocks
- 79 SFS 114, Fergus’ Shelter, a series of rockshelters that have been enhanced with a long stretch of walling at the break in slope, below the entrances
- 80 The bay at Coire Sgamhadail, location of several rockshelters
Section 2.2
- 45 SFS 185, Achintee, shovel pitting, general view
- 81 SFS 185, Achintee, Plan of shovel pits
- 82 SFS 95, Achnahannait Bay, general view of site, the area of erosion in middle of the photo
- 83 SFS 95, Achnahannait Bay, general view of site and surroundings
- 84 SFS 68, Allt na Criche, general view of site
- 85 SFS 68, Allt na Criche, general view during excavation
- 86 SFS 68, Allt na Criche, Test Pit 1 N facing section
- 87 SFS 68, Allt na Criche, Test Pit 2 SSW facing section
- 88 SFS 68, Allt na Criche, Test Pit 3
- 89 SFS 68, Allt na Criche, Fine point
- 90 SFS 68, Allt na Criche, Metal piece (metal no 42)
- 91 SFS 68, Allt na Criche, Knife (metal no 41)
- 92 SFS 68, Allt na Criche, limpet and periwinkle weight in grams by context
- 42 SFS 10, Allt na Uamha, general view of rockshelter,
- 93 SFS 10, Allt na Uamha, excavation in progress, showing low height of cave
- 94 SFS 10, Allt na Uamha, Plan of cave
- 95 SFS 10, Allt na Uamha, Test Pit 1, after excavation
- 96 SFS 10, Allt na Uamha, marine molluscs, weight in grams for each species
- 97 SFS 10, Allt na Uamha, barchart showing the MNI for each species by context
- 98 SFS 10, Allt na Uamha, chart to show the fragmentation of limpets and periwinkles by context
- 99 SFS 60. Allt-na-h-Eirigh, artefact found on boulder in centre of stream
- 100 General view of An Corran from the sea (NW). The rock outcrops and shelf below the screes may be seen clearly
- 10 Staffin Bay, view away from An Corran A across the other An Corran sites and general area of eroding lithics
- 101 Staffin Bay, view across the area of eroding lithics at An Corran towards the excavated site of An Corran A
- 102 Collecting lithics from the An Corran sites
- 57 General view of SFS 29, An Corran B, area of erosion in middle of photo
- 103 SFS 30, An Corran C, view of erosion face from below
- 104 SFS 31, An Corran D, general view looking towards sea
- 105 SFS 32, Brogaig, the area of erosion lies adjacent to the figure
- 106 SFS 75, Applecross Manse original disturbance: the find spot is adjacent to the figure
- 107 SFS 75, Applecross Manse, shovel pitting across the site
- 108 SFS 75, Applecross Manse, plan of shovel pits – circles indicate shovel pits from which lithics were found
- 109 SFS 66, Ard Clais Salacher 2, general view of site
- 110 SFS 66, Ard Clais Salacher 2, Plan of cave
- 111 SFS 66, Ard Clais Salacher 2, Test Pit 1, SW facing section
- 112 SFS 66, Ard Clais Salacher 2, main marine molluscs weight in grams by context
- 113 SFS 102, Ardheslaig 1, general view of findspot
- 114 SFS 6, Ashaig, general view of eroded area revealing shell midden
- 115 SFS 6, Ashaig, general view during excavation
- 32 SFS 188, Camas-an-Leim 2, general view of site
- 116 SFS 188, Camas-an-Leim 2, Plan of shovel pits
- 117 SFS 76, Camusteel 1, general view of the site
- 118 SFS 76, Camusteel 1, view of rockshelter
- 119 SFS 77, Camusteel 2, view of rockshelter, from NE
- 120 SFS 77, Camusteel 2, view of rockshelter interior
- 121 SFS 77, Camusteel 2, Test Pit 1, after excavation
- 122 SFS 77, Camusteel 2, Test Pit 1, S facing section
- 123 Comb fragment SFS 77, Camusteel 2 BT05
- 124 Comb fragment SFS 77, Camusteel 2 BT05
- 125 Camusteel 2, SFS 77, limpet and periwinkle weight in grams by context
- 126 SFS 78, Camusteel 3, general view of rockshelter entrance
- 127 SFS 78, Camusteel 3, Test Pit 1, after excavation
- 128 SFS 78, Camusteel 3, Test Pit 1 E facing section
- 129 SFS 78, Camusteel 3, limpet and periwinkle weight in grams by context
- 60 SFS 17, Church Cave, general view of rockshelter
- 61 SFS 17, Church Cave, closeup view of rockshelter
- 130 SFS 17, Church Cave, Plan of cave
- 131 SFS 17, Church Cave, NW facing section of cave
- 132 SFS 17, Church Cave, Test Pit 1 plan and section
- 133 SFS 17, Church Cave, Test Pit 2 plan and section
- 89 SFS 17, Church Cave, Fine point
- 134 SFS 17, Church Cave, Combined cod family QC1 and QC2 element distribution (for element codes see Appendix 21)
- 135 SFS 17, Church Cave, Skinning marks on otter phalanges (as described in Table 46) drawn by Rachel Parks
- 136 SFS 17, Church Cave, marine molluscs, barchart showing the weights in grams for each species
- 137 SFS 17, Church Cave, limpets and periwinkles, barchart showing the MNI for each species
- 138 SFS 17, Church Cave, the fragmentation of limpets and periwinkles in both Test Pits
- 51 SFS 99, Clachan Church midden, general view of the site with Test Pit 2, in the foreground
- 139 SFS 99, Clachan Church midden, Test Pit 1, after excavation
- 140 Clachan Church midden, Test Pit 1, SW facing section
- 141 SFS 99, Clachan Church midden, marine molluscs, weight in grams by context
- 142 SFS 144, Clachan Old Harbour, general view of site from the W
- 66 SFS 144, Clachan Old Harbour, close up view of preserved timbers
- 143 SFS 144, Clachan Old Harbour, general view, looking across the Inner Sound to the hills of Raasay
- 80 SFS 89a & b, Coire Sgamhadail 1, general view of site and surroundings
- 144 SFS 89a & b, Coire Sgamhadail 1, close up view of cave 2 entrance
- 145 SFS 89a & b, Coire Sgamhadail 1, general view of cave entrances from the S
- 146 SFS 89a & b, Coire Sgamhadail 1, general view of cave entrance with Test Pit 1 in background
- 147 SFS 89a, Coire Sgamhadail, Test Pit 1 SE facing section
- 148 SFS 89a Test Pit 2 SE facing section
- 149 SFS 89b, Coire Sgamhadail, Test Pit 3, S facing section
- 150 Coire Sgamhadail 1, SFS 89a, marine molluscs, weight in grams by context
- 151 SFS 90, Coire Sgamhadail 3–6, general view of sites and surroundings
- 152 SFS 90, Coire Sgamhadail 3–6, Plan of cave
- 153 SFS 90, Coire Sgamhadail 3–6, Test Pit 1, plan and SE facing section
- 154 SFS 90, Coire Sgamhadail 3–6, Test Pit 2, SE facing section
- 155 SFS 90, Coire Sgamhadail 3–6, Test Pit 3, SE facing section
- 156 SFS 90, Coire Sgamhadail 3–6, metal stud
- 157 SFS 90, Coire Sgamhadail 3–6, lace end
- 158 SFS 90, Coire Sgamhadail 3–6, marine molluscs, weight in grams by context
- 47 SFS 49, Creag-na-h-Uamha, general view of rockshelter and surroundings
- 159 SFS 49, Creag-na-h-Uamha, plan of cave
- 160 SFS 49, Creag-na-h-Uamha, Test Pit 2 S facing section
- 161 SFS 49, Creag-na-h-Uamha, marine molluscs, weight in grams by context
- 6 Crowlin 1 SFS 2, General view
- 162 SFS 2, Plan of cave
- 163 Crowlin 1 SFS 2, General view of work in progress
- 164 Crowlin 1 SFS 2, Test pit 1, top of midden, spit 5
- 165 Crowlin 1 SFS 2, Test Pit 1, after excavation
- 166 SFS 2, Test Pit 1, SE facing section
- 167 Crowlin 1 SFS 2, Test Pit 2, view of section
- 168 SFS 2, Test Pit 2, SW facing section
- 169 Crowlin 1, SFS 2, Test Pit 3, pre excavation
- 170 Crowlin 1, SFS 2, Test Pit 3, top of spit 2
- 171 Crowlin 1, SFS 2, Test Pit 3 and general view
- 172 SFS 2, Test Pit 3 SE facing section
- 173 SFS 2, Lead sheet
- 174 SFS 2, Crowlin 1, marine molluscs, weight in grams relative importance
- 175 SFS 22, Crowlin 3, entrance to rockshelter, note location in cliff base
- 176 SFS 22, Crowlin 3, general view, pre excavation
- 177 SFS 22, Crowlin 3, Plan of cave
- 178 SFS 22, Crowlin 3, Plan and S facing section, Test Pit 1
- 179 SFS 22, Crowlin 3, Plan and W facing section, Test Pit 2
- 180 SFS 22, Crowlin 3, weight in grams of marine molluscs by context
- 181 SFS 23, Crowlin 4, Test Pit 1
- 182 SFS 23, Crowlin 4, Test Pit 1, W facing section
- 183 SFS 24, Crowlin 5 general view, after excavation
- 184 SFS 26, Crowlin 7, Test Pit 1, SW facing section
- 185 SFS 26, Crowlin 7, Test Pit 2, W facing section
- 24 SFS 152, Doire na Guaile, general view of rockshelter and surroundings
- 77 SFS 152, Doire na Guaile, close up view of rockshelter, excavation in progress
- 186 SFS 152, Doire na Guaile, Plans of cave
- 187 SFS 152, Doire na Guaile, Test Pit 1, plan and section
- 188 SFS 152, Doire na Guaile, marine molluscs, barchart to show the weights of dominant species
- 189 SFS 152, Doire na Guaile, marine molluscs, barchart to show the MNI of dominant species
- 190 SFS 152, Doire na Guaile, chart to show the fragmentation the ain shell types
- 191 SFS 117, Dun Hasan lies at the top of these cliffs
- 43 SFS 104, Fearnmore 1, general view
- 192 SFS 104, Fearnmore 1, general view of the site from SFS 80
- 193 SFS 104, Fearnmore 1, Test Pit 4, E facing section
- 194 SFS 104, Fearnmore 1, Test Pit 5, showing the W facing section
- 195 SFS 104, Fearnmore 1, Test Pit 6, showing the SW facing section
- 196 SFS 80, Fearnmore 2, general view of site showing the location of Test Pit 1
- 197 SFS 80, Fearnmore 2, Test Pit 1, after excavation
- 79 SFS 114, Fergus’ shelter, general view
- 198 SFS 114, Fergus’ shelter, rockshelter
- 199 SFS 114, Fergus’ Shelter general location, the site is unusual in being one of the only rockshelter sites that lies inland
- 200 SFS 114, Fergus’ shelter Test Pit 1
- 201 SFS 114, Fergus’ Shelter, Test Pit 1, E facing section
- 202 SFS 114, Fergus’ Shelter, marine molluscs, weight in grams by context
- 38 SFS 100, Fraser’s Croft general view
- 203 SFS 100, Fraser’s Croft Test Pit 1
- 204 SFS 100, Fraser’s Croft Test Pit 1, E facing section
- 205 SFS 100, Fraser’s Croft, marine molluscs, weight in grams by context
- 206 SFS 88, Kishorn 4, View of entrance from E
- 207 SFS 88, Kishorn 4, Test Pit 1 after excavation, plan view
- 208 Loch a Sguirr, general shot of rockshelters
- 209 SFS 8, Loch a Sguirr showing the position of the rockshelters high above the sea
- 210 SFS 8, Loch a Sguirr 1, general working shot of the interior during Test Pit excavations
- 211 SFS 8, Loch a Sguirr, Test Pit 1, after excavation
- 212 SFS 8, Loch a Sguirr, Test Pit 1, W facing section
- 213 SFS 8, Loch a Sguirr, Test Pit 3, after excavation
- 214 Bevel ended tool, Loch a Sguirr, BT 1
- 215 Bevel ended tool, Loch a Sguirr, BT 1
- 216 SFS 8, Loch a Sguirr, marine molluscs, weight in grams
- 217 SFS 18, Loch a Sguirr, general view from W
- 218 SFS 18, Loch a Sguirr, general working shot inside rockshelter
- 219 SFS 18, Loch a Sguirr, Test Pit 9, after excavation
- 220 SFS 18, Loch a Sguirr, Test Pit 9, SSE facing section
- 221 SFS 18, Loch a Sguirr, Test Pit 10, after excavation
- 222 SFS 116, Mains of Applecross shovel pitting area, general view
- 223 SFS 116, Mains of Applecross, Plan of shovel pits
- 224 SFS 171, Meall na h’Airde 2, close up view of rockshelter
- 225 SFS 171, Meall na h’Airde 2, plan of cave
- 226 SFS 171, Meall na h’Airde 2, plan and section of Test Pit
- 227 SFS 171, Meall na h Airde 2, barchart to show the weights of the dominant species of marine mollusc
- 228 SFS 171, Meall na h’Airde 2, barchart to show the MNI of the dominant species of marine mollusc
- 229 SFS 171, Meall na h’Airde 2, chart to show the fragmentation of limpets, periwinkles and dogwhelks, though calculations were not made for every context because the sample sizes were too small
- 48 SFS 96, Meallabhan, the site lies on the shelf visible mid way down the dune in the left centre of the photograph
- 230 SFS 96, Meallabhan, Test Pit 1
- 231 SFS 96, Meallabhan, Test Pit 1 SW facing section
- 232 SFS 96, Meallabhan, metal pin
- 233 Meallabhan, metal pin
- 234 SFS 96, Meallabhan, vessel fragment
- 235 SFS 183, Nead an Eoin, Plockton, general view of shovel pits
- 236 SFS 183, Nead an Eoin, Plockton, plan of shovel pits
- 237 SFS 59, Ob Chuaig, general view of site from E
- 238 SFS 59, Ob Chuaig, Test Pit 1, W facing section
- 239 SFS 50, Pabay 1. The site is in the area of erosion in the centre of the picture
- 240 SFS 94, Port Earlish general view
- 241 SFS 141, view of site entrance
- 242 SFS 141, close up view of site
- 243 SFS 9, Redpoint, general view of site and surrounding area
- 244 SFS 9, Redpoint, close up view of sand dunes
- 245 Sketch plan of Redpoint dunes
- 246 SFS 9, Redpoint, general view of Test Pit location in sand dunes
- 247 SFS 9, Redpoint, Test Pit 1, SW facing section
- 46 SFS 58, Rubha Chuaig, general view of site
- 248 SFS 58, Rubha Chuaig, close up view of rockshelter
- 249 SFS 58, Rubha Chuaig, rockshelter excavation in progress
- 250 SFS 58, Rubha Chuaig, Plan of cave
- 251 SFS 58, Rubha Chuaig, Plan and S facing section Test Pit 1
- 252 SFS 58, Rubha Chuaig, Test Pit 2, N facing section
- 89 SFS 58, Rubha Chuaig, Fine point
- 253 Rubha Chuaig, SFS 58, marine molluscs, weight in grams, by context
- 254 SFS 57, Rubha a Ghair, general view of rockshelter entrance
- 255 Rubha a Ghair, Plan of cave
- 256 SFS 57, Rubha a Ghair, Test Pit 1, E facing section
- 257 SFS 57, Rubha a Ghair, Knife fragment
- 258 SFS 11, Sand 3, buckle
- 259 SFS 71, Sand 5, general view of rockshelter from NE
- 260 Scalpay map of the lithic scatter sites
- 261 SFS 12, Scalpay 2 general view of the site
- 262 SFS 33, Scalpay 3 general view from the SW
- 263 SFS 33, Scalpay 3, general view of site location
- 264 SFS 33, Scalpay 3, test pit layout
- 265 SFS 198, Scalpay 6a, test pit layout
- 266 SFS 15, Sheildaig, general view of quarry face
- 267 General view of An Corran with Staffin Island to the left of the picture,
- 268 Staffin Island, SFS 36, general view of the eroded face of the site
- 269 SFS 191 & SFS 192, Suarbie Burn, general view
- 270 SFS 191 & SFS 192, Suarbie Burn, view of exposure
- 271 SFS 162, Teanga Fhiadhaich, general view
- 272 SFS 186, The Mains, Torridon village, general view of raised beach
- 273 SFS 186, The Mains Torridon village, plan of shovel pits
- 274 SFS 19, Toscaig 1
- 275 SFS 19, Toscaig 1, interior view
- 276 SFS 19, Toscaig 1, Test Pit 1, W facing section
- 277 SFS 20, Toscaig 2, general view of rockshelter
- 28 SFS 20, Toscaig 2, Plan of cave
- 278 SFS 20, Toscaig 2, interior view during excavation
- 279 SFS 20, Toscaig 2, Test Pit 1
- 280 SFS 20, Toscaig 2, Test Pit 1, SE facing section
- 281 SFS 20, Toscaig 2, Test Pit 2
- 282 SFS 20, Toscaig 2, Test Pit 2, W facing section
- 89 SFS 20, Toscaig 2, Fine point
- 283 SFS 20, Toscaig 2, Test Pit 1, marine molluscs, weight in grams, by context
- 284 SFS 20, Toscaig 2, Test Pit 2, marine molluscs, weight in grams, by context
- 285 SFS 34, Toscaig 3, general view of rockshelter and surroundings
- 286 SFS 34, Toscaig 3, Plan of cave
- 287 SFS 34, Toscaig 3, Test Pit 1, SW facing section
- 288 SFS 34, Toscaig 3, Toscaig 3, SFS 34, marine molluscs, weight in grams, by context
- 289 SFS 35, Toscaig 4, general view
- 290 SFS 35, Toscaig 4, view of exposed area of shell midden at surface
- 291 SFS 35, Toscaig 4, Plan of cave
- 292 SFS 35, Toscaig 4, markings on vertical rock, 8m N of Test Pit 1
- 293 SFS 35, Toscaig 4, Test Pit 1, after excavation plan view
- 294 SFS 35, Toscaig 4, Test Pit 1, N facing section
- 295 SFS 35, Toscaig 4, Test Pit 2, after excavation
- 296 SFS 35, Toscaig 4, marine molluscs, weight in grams, by context
- 297 SFS 38, Toscaig 6, general view of wall
- 298 SFS 38, Toscaig 6, Plan of cave
- 299 SFS 38, Toscaig 6, Test Pit 1, N facing section
- 300 SFS 41, Toscaig 9, general view
- 301 SFS 41, Toscaig 9, close up view
- 302 SFS 41, Toscaig 9, Plan of cave
- 303 SFS 41, Toscaig 9, Test Pit 1, SSW facing section
- 304 SFS 41, Toscaig 9, Test Pit 2 SW facing section
- 305 SFS 41, Toscaig 9, Test Pit 1, marine molluscs, weight in grams, by context
- 306 SFS 41, Toscaig 9, Test Pit 2, marine molluscs, weight in grams, by context
- 307 SFS 105, Uags 1, general view of rockshelter with Test Pits 2 and 3 visible
- 308 SFS 105, Uags 1, Plan of cave
- 309 SFS 105, Uags 1, Test Pit 1, after excavation
- 310 SFS 105, Uags 1, Test Pit 1, E facing section
- 311 SFS 105, Uags 1, Fine point
- 312 SFS 105, Uags 1, marine molluscs, weight in grams, by context
- 313 SFS 63, general view
- 314 SFS 63, Test Pit 1, E facing section
Section 3
Section 3.1
- 315 Location map of Sand, contours at 10m intervals
- 316 The rockshelter at Sand from the cliffs to the east
- 317 The rockshelter at Sand from the North
- 318 The interior of the rockshelter at Sand
- 319 Deturfing work across the apron in front of the rockshelter at Sand
- 23 Distinct vegetation in front of the rockshelter at Sand in July
- 320 The outcrop at Sand during excavation on the apron in front of the rockshelter
- 321 Map of the Sand area showing solid and drift geology (drawn by Mike Cressey)
- 322 The bay at Sand with the dunes
- 323 The track cutting across the platform to the west of the rockshelter at Sand
- 324 Close-up of the rocks along the outcrop at Sand
Section 3.2
- 325 Sand rockshelter
- 326 Plan of Sand rockshelter with 1999 test pits
- 327 Test Pit 1, S facing section
- 328 Test Pit 1, layer of fire cracked stone
- 329 Plan of Test Pit 4
- 330 Test Pit 7, SE facing and SW facing sections
- 331 Test Pit 9, SE facing section
- 332 Test Pit 9, Detail of E facing section
- 333 Sand view of the interior of rockshelter
- 334 Sand, the layout and numbering of the excavation trenches in front of rockshelter
- 335 Sand, excavation work taking place in front of the rockshelter
- 336 Sand, excavation taking place in front of the rockshelter, view from the top of the shelter
- 337 Sand, overhead shot of the trenches at the end of excavation
- 338 Sand, close up of the midden deposits
- 339 Sand, the process of flotation
- 340 Sand, bags waiting to go into flotation tank
- 319 Deturfing at Sand, removing bracken roots
- 341 Sand, Trench A, final shot
- 342 Sand, Trench A, S facing section
- 343 Sand, Trench A, E facing section
- 344 Sand, Trench A, E facing section showing a fallen slab towards the top of the section
- 345 Sand, Trench A, N facing section showing slab in place to right of picture
- 346 Sand, polished stone axe
- 347 Sand, Trench A, showing slabs downslope
- 348 Sand, Trench B. Area B1, shell midden (13) showing the build up of angular slabs (9) between it and bedrock
- 349 Sand, Trench B, Area B1, S facing section, showing bedrock to the W
- 350 Sand, Trench B, Area B1 from the SW, the midden deposits had little obvious stratigraphical variation
- 351 Sand, Trench B, Area B1, N facing section, showing the position of Context 11
- 352 Sand, Trench B, Area B2, N facing section
- 353 Sand, Trench B. Area B3, W facing section
- 354 Sand, Trench B, Area B3, E facing section
- 355 Sand, Trench B, area B3. N facing section showing the loose nature of the midden and animal disturbance
- 356 Sand, Trench B, Area B3 from the S, showing the stony deposit of slopewash 7/8
- 357 Sand, Trench B, Area B3 from the North
- 358 Sand, Trench B, base of Area B3 after removal of 7/8 and 5
- 359 Sand, Area B1, top of spit 5 from the E, showing the midden abutting the floor of the rockshelter
- 360 Sand, Area B3, E facing section, showing the loose midden deposits as the bedrock floor drops downhill to the E
- 361 Sand, Trench A from the E showing the deposits downslope of the midden
- 362 Sand, trench A, the top of spit 4 from the W, showing the accumulations of fire cracked stone removed from spit 3
Section 3.3
- 363 Breakdown of lithic raw materials in the Sand 1999 assemblage
- 364 Sand, the barbed and tanged arrowhead, baked mudstone
- 365 The main raw materials used at Sand
- 366 General view of Staffin Bay
- 367 Bloodstone Hill, Rùm
- 368 The marine transport of pebbles caught in the roots of seaweed, Sand beach 1999
- 369 Sand, breakdown of the different categories of artefact by raw material
- 370 Sand, breakdown of primary, secondary and inner pieces by raw material
- 371 Sand, breakdown of the cortical component of the different raw materials
- 372 Sand, bipolar flakes and whole regular flakes by platform type and material
- 373 Sand, Breakdown of the regular flakes by platform characteristics
- 374 Sand, Flake length in mms by material
- 375 Sand, dimensions of whole blades in mms
- 376 Sand, blade width in mms by material; Baked mudstone, Chalcedonic silica, Quartz and Rùm Bloodstone
- 377 Sand, scrapers
- 378 Sand, scraper re-sharpening flakes
- 379 Sand, edge retouched pieces
- 380 Sand, notched pieces
- 381 Sand, awls
- 382 Sand, transverse arrowheads
- 383 Sand, bifacial indeterminate. Baked mudstone
- 384 Sand, microburins
- 385 Sand, width of crescents in mms
- 386 Sand, crescents
- 387 Sand, width of fine points in mms
- 388 Sand, fine points
- 389 Sand, width of backed bladelets in mms
- 390 Sand, backed bladelets
- 391 Sand, scalene triangles
- 392 A comparison of the relative proportions of cores and debitage, blades and flakes, and modified pieces at Sand, Kinloch, and Camas Daraich
- 393 Sand, stone axe, drawing
- 346 Sand, stone axe, photo
Section 3.4
- 394 Triangular points
- 395 Sand, B2B SE 11, Tool No 22
- 396 Fine point, SFS 105, Tool No 134
- 89 Fine points
- 397 Sand, indeterminate bone points
- 398 Sand B25B 12, Tool No 12, showing broken shaft
- 399 Harpoon fragment, B3B SW 13, Tool No 106
- 400 Harpoon fragment
- 401 Possible knife, B25B SW Spit 6, Context 11/13, Tool No 32
- 402 Possible knife, B25B SW Spit 6, Context 11/13, Tool No 32
- 403 Bevel ended tools
- 404 Bevel ended tool, BT30, SFS 4, B25B, NE, 13
- 405 Single bevel ended tool, B25A NE 13, Tool No 3
- 406 Double bevel ended tools, B4B NW Spit 3, Tool No 14
- 407 Bevel and pointed tool, B25B NE 13, Tool No 30
- 408 Concave ended tool, A2B NW Spit 9. Tool No 63
- 409 Concave ended tool, A2B NW Spit 9. Tool No 63
- 410 Pre bevel, B25A SE 13, Bone Tool No 59
- 411 Possible reworked bevelled tool, B2A SE 13, Tool No 38
- 412 Possible reworked bevelled tool, B2A SE 13, Tool No 38
- 413 Bevel ended tool, Loch a Sguirr, Tool No 1
- 414 Bevel ended tool, Loch a Sguirr, Tool No 1
- 415 SEM image (×760) of bevelled end of tool Loch a Sguirr BT1, showing rounding
- 416 SEM image (×760) of bevelled end of tool Loch a Sguirr BT1, showing rounding
- 417 Fresh roe deer legs ready for use
- 418 Roe deer (fresh) and red deer metapodia (2 years old)
- 419 Bone fragments resulting from direct percussion
- 420 Bone reduction using grooving and hammerstone
- 421 Grooving red deer antler with flint burin tool
- 422 Tool AC50 from An Corran showing flaking
- 423 Antler tool in hazel haft
- 424 Using antler tool to prise pine bark from trunk
- 425 Tool No 2 in use on nettle stems
- 426 Processed nettle stems
- 427 Limpets attached to foreshore rocks at Ashaig, Skye
- 428 Bone Tool No 17 and extracted limpet meat
- 429 Sandstone pebble tool used to detach limpets at Ashaig
- 430 Method used to extract limpet meat
- 431 Limpets harvested using the unmodified pebble tool
- 432 Scanned images of a selection of the replicated and used bevel-ended bone and antler tools
- 433 Using bone tools on fresh wild boar hide at Lejre
- 434 Antler Tool No 11 used on partially cured red deer hide
- 435 Antler and bone tools used on red deer hide
- 436 Example of a background spectra, Tool An Corran 7
- 437 Bone surface with mineral residue, An Corran tool 7. The mineral here is silver ore soil (×1717)
- 438 Example of an organic residue, Tool An Corran 10 (× 1253)
- 439 Example of an organic residue. Druimvargie 415 (×516)
- 440 Example of a mineral residue An Corran 7 (×1031)
- 441 Sand BT35, Lead and tin mineral residue
- 442 Loch a Sguirr, BT 1, Bismuth spectrum
- 443 Hide tanning in Morocco (from Ibanez et al 2002)
- 444 Experimental Tool 1, used on limpets (×318)
- 445 Experimental Tool 7, used on sorrel (×74)
- 446 Tool from Macarthur’s cave (×923)
- 447 Sand, SFS 4 BT8 (×339)
Section 3.5
- 448 Cowrie shells from Sand. Left shell A2B NE Spit 2; right shell B1A SW Spit 4, 13
- 449 Cowrie shell, A2B NE Spit 2
- 450 Cowrie shell, B1A SW Spit 4, 13
- 451 Modern cowrie shells found on beaches in Northumberland
- 452 Left, modern cowrie shell collected at Howick, Northumberland; right, cowrie shell from midden (A2B NE Spit 2)
- 453 Modern cowrie shell hole at 40 magnifications
- 454 Sand (A2B NE spit 2), cowrie shell hole at ×40
- 455 Double perforated shells from Cnoc Coig
- 456 Perforated cowrie shells from Cnoc Coig
- 457 Rubbed holes in shells from Skara Brae
- 458 Cut scallop, Sand, B24B Spit 6
- 459 Cut scallop, Sand, B24B Spit 6
- 460 Scallop edge, probably unused
- 461 Scallop edge, probably unused
- 462 Scallop fragment showing heavy rounding on pointed edge (B1A NE Sp 4)
- 463 Edge of scallop fragment showing heavy rounding on pointed edge (B1A NE Sp 4)
- 464 Perforated limpet shells from Sand
- 465 Dogwhelk feeding on limpet
- 466 Modern shell necklace from Mexico
Section 3.6
- 467 Sand, facially pecked cobble, ST10
- 468 Sand, facially pecked cobble with linear pecking, ST28
- 469 Sand, facially pecked/dished cobble, ST5
- 470 Sand, facially pecked/dished cobble, ST6
- 471 Sand, facially pecked/dished cobble, ST7
- 472 Sand, ground stone tool, ST13
- 362 Sand, view of heat fractured stone recovered from one spit (Spit 3) laid out by the side of trench A during excavation
Section 3.7
Section 3.8
- 473 The haematite nodule from Sand showing modification
- 474 Limonite cortex from Sand showing modification
- 475 Experimental haematite colour in gum
- 476 Experimental pieces compared with the archaeological haematite
- 477 Experimental piece of bone scored haematite
Section 3.9
- 478 Sand, glass beads
Section 3.10
- 479 Sand, permanent, maxillary central incisor, labial view
- 480 Sand, deciduous, mandibular right first molar, occlusal view (max length = 7.9mm)
- 481 Sand, deciduous, mandibular right first molar, lingual view
Section 3.11
- 482 Worked antler specimen (upper), the same specimen shows evidence of ungulate gnawing (lower). In both illustrations the bar scale represents 40mm
- 483 Sand, red deer and wild boar QC1 and QC4 element distribution from the main shell midden
- 484 Sand, red deer and wild boar QC1 and QC4 element distribution from the organic rich silt layer
- 485 Number of bone fragments by size class for experimental tool working debris
- 486 Sand, combined auk family QC1 element distribution from the main shell midden and organic rich silt
- 487 Sand, combined gadid family and wrasse family QC1 element distribution for the main shell midden
- 488 Sand, combined gadid family and wrasse family QC1 element distribution for the main shell midden without the infrphyrngeal
- 489 Sand, estimated total length of Pollachius otoliths from the main shell midden
Section 3.12
- 490 Measuring periwinkles on the beach
- 342 Sand, Trench A, S facing section showing tail off of midden down slope
- 351 Sand Trench B, N facing section relating to B25B
- 350 Sand, Trench B, Area B1 from the SW, the midden deposits had little obvious stratigraphical variation, but a layer of crushed shell is visible at top to the E
- 491 The difference between the smooth and the ribbed limpets
- 492 Topshells (left) and colourful periwinkles (right) from the beach
- 493 Bar chart to show the three main species of mollusc as a percentage of the total MNI of those species, per context
- 494 Trench A, the bar chart shows the relative proportions of the three main species as a percentage of the total number of shells per context (25 has been excluded because the total MNI is so small)
- 495 Average length and standard deviations for limpets from Sand. SMU = Sand Modern Upper shore (N=50), SML= Sand modern lower shore (N=51), 12 (N=391), 11/13 (N=11749), 1/2 (N=82), 28 (N=72)
- 496 Histograms plotting the height against the length of modern limpets, collected from the lower shore and upper shore at Sand, October 2003. The groupings are equivalent to those in similar studies (for example. Russell et al 1995:282)
- 497 Sand, histogram plotting the height against the length of limpets from A1B 1/2
- 498 Sand, scattergram plotting the height against the length of modern limpets, collected from the lower shore and upper shore at Sand, October 2003
- 499 Sand, scattergram plotting the height against the length of limpets from Trench A, context 1/2 and this is then overlain by the data from the modern limpets
- 500 Sand, scattergram plotting the height against the length of limpets from B25B and measurements from the modern limpets
- 501 Average length and standard deviations for dogwhelk length from Sand. 12 (N=249), 11/13 (N=1333), 1/2 (N=350), 28 (N=326), 22 (N=65), 29 (N=58), ML = modern lower shore (N=50), MU = modern upper shore (N=50)
- 502 Sand, frequency histogram of dogwhelk length/aperture ratios from context 28 (N=326)
- 503 Frequency histogram of dogwhelk length/aperture ratios from the collection of modern dogwhelks from the shore at Sand (N=100)
- 504 Average length and standard deviations for periwinkles from Sand. 11/13 (N=948), 1/2 (N=302), 28 (N=254), 22 (N=105), 29 (N=61), modern (N=50)
- 505 Bar chart to show the three main species of mollusc as a percentage of the total MNI of those species, per context for ¼ of B25B
- 506 Dogwhelks in a cranny of rocks; these can easily be scooped off
- 507 Periwinkles occur in groups on rocks and are easily picked off or scooped up
Section 3.13
- 508 Sand, the range of crab claws
- 509 Sand, some fragments which appear to belong to the carapace of larger crabs
- 510 Modern and archaeological crab claws, all from Sand. The modern claws on the left hand side show the variation between 3 different species. The archaeological specimens on the right hand side show some of the variation in size, shape and surface contours in the midden assemblage (these are not matched to the modern specimens)
- 511 Bottom, modern claw of crab with striations compared with archaeological specimen on right (with striations) and archaeological specimen on left (large and without striations which probably belongs to Cancer pagurus)
- 512 Sand, an assortment of crab claws which demonstrate burning and breakage (burning is particularly clear on the middle claw which is blue in colour)
- 513 The beach at Sand. The incoming sea has just covered a stretch of rocks which are exposed at low tide. The coastline to the right and left of the sand is exposed rocky crag
- 514 Sand, exposed rocky area at low tide, ideal for shell gathering and searching out small crabs in the seaweed fringed rockpools
- 515 Sand, small crab found in one of the rock pools
- 516 Empty carapace of Cancer pagurus (modern)
Section 3.14
Section 3.15
- 517 The analysis of charcoal fragments from the excavations at Sand, taxon abundance (% values of absolute fragment counts); excluding values of indeterminate fragments
- 518 The analysis of charcoal fragments from the excavations at Sand, taxon ubiquity (absolute values); excluding indeterminate fragments
- 342 SFS 2000, Sand, SFS 4, Trench A, South facing section
Section 3.16
- 344 East Facing section of Trench A showing location of kubiena tins
- 519 Palynological, loss on ignition and pH data from Sand 1. Charcoal concentrations are in values of mm² cm-3 and palynomorph numbers represent raw counts
- 520 Sand, unidentified spore A
- 521 Palynological, loss on ignition and pH data from Sand 3. Charcoal concentrations are in values of mm² cm-3 and palynomorph numbers represent raw counts
- 522 Sand, unidentified spore B
Section 3.17
- 523 Location of the overall gradiometer survey area and overlay plan of site trench and test–pits
- 524 Gradiometry survey in progress at 0.25m intervals along north south excavation trench
- 525 Position of the individual survey grids
- 526 Unprocessed gradiometry survey plot
- 527 Processed gradiometry results. Data processed by Lorna McAllan
- 528 Midden deposits visible in exposed sondage pit with abandoned resistivity survey in progress
- 529 Processed and annotated gradiometry results in relation to excavated trench
Section 4
- 530 Numbers of dated sites in Skye and Lochalsh, including non-SFS dates
- 345 Trench A, N facing section showing slope in ground
- 531 Sand, N facing section A6—A1 showing the steep slope and inverted stratigraphy
Section 5
- 365 The main raw materials used at Sand
- 270 Nodules of chalcedonic silica may be found along the Suarbie Burn, Staffin, Skye
- 101 Nodules of baked mudstone occur in the cliffs above An Corran at Staffin
- 367 Bloodstone Hill, Rùm
- 532 Lithic raw material use around the Inner Sound, key as for Sand
- 533 Sand, breakdown of total lithic assemblage by raw material
- 534 Sand, different components of the lithic assemblage by raw material
Section 6
- 535 WDS scan which demonstrates that the pieces are mainly composed of carbon
- 536 Sulphur was present in all of the pieces analysed
Section 7
Section 7.1
- 325 The rockshelter at Sand
- 537 Location map for the raised shoreline of which the Sand rockshelter is part: Profile line A—B shows the location of the shoreline height–distance diagram shown in Illustration 541
- 538 Generalised shoreline height-distance diagram for Applecross, Raasay and eastern Skye
- 539 Holocene and Late Glacial shingle bank, south west Raasay
Section 7.2
- 540 Location map of Skye and Raasay with Scotland inset
- 541 Geomorphological map of south west Raasay
- 542 Clachan harbour, Raasay
- 539 Holocene and Late Glacial shingle suite, SW Raasay
- 543 Monolith 1, Clachan Harbour, Raasay, stratigraphy
- 544 Monolith 1, Clachan harbour, Raasay, diatom assemblages
- 545 Relative sea level graph, Scottish Inner Hebrides (adapted from Dawson et al 1998)
- 546 Isobase map based upon a quadratic trend surface for the Main Postglacial Shoreline (adapted from Smith et al 2000)
Section 8
Section 8.1
- 547 The Inner Sound showing pollen sample sites and Mesolithic sites
- 548 Digg Basin and the surrounding area, showing the core location
- 549 Suarbie and the surrounding area, showing the core location
- 550 Loch Cleat and the surrounding area, showing the core location
- 551 Clachan Bay and the surrounding area, showing the core location
- 552 Pollen percentage diagram for Loch Cleat with selected taxa; taxa have been chosen to best represent the general environment. Calibration was undertaken via the program CALIB v. 5.0.1 (Stuiver & Reimer 2005)
- 553 Pollen percentage diagram for Loch Cleat with selected taxa (cont.); taxa have been chosen to best represent the general environment. Calibration was undertaken via the program CALIB v. 5.0.1 (Stuiver & Reimer 2005)
- 554 Pollen percentage diagram for Digg with selected taxa; acidopholous taxa that may have been present on the bog surface have been removed to better represent extra-local taxa. Calibration was undertaken via the program CALIB v. 5.0.1 (Stuiver & Reimer 2005)
- 555 Pollen percentage diagram for Suarbie with selected taxa; taxa have been chosen to best represent the general environment and provide evidence of possible human interference. Calibration was undertaken via the program CALIB v. 5.0.1 (Stuiver & Reimer 2005)
- 556 Pollen percentage diagram for Clachan Bay with selected taxa; taxa have html chosen to best represent the general environment
Section 8.2
- 557 Sands deposited by the Abhainn Cuaig
- 12 General view of Lonbain
- 558 Mixed woodland along the Applecross River
- 559 Birchwood at Culduie
- 560 Birchwood near Toscaig
- 561 Reddened mineral soil at Toscaig with Birchwood in background
- 21 General view of Toscaig
- 562 Oakwood at Uags
- 563 Sand, transect plan for pH analysis (soil sample locations, pH in red)
- 564 Mature birch
- 565 Pollarded birch
- 566 Woodland plants, including bluebells, at Sand
- 567 Oak-rich woodland at Uags
Section 9
- 568 Survey work in progress. Much of the work had to be carried out by boat
- 569 Location of SFS sites mentioned in text, Mesolithic
- 23 Sand, general view of the rockshelter
- 348 Sand, excavation of the midden deposits
- 357 Sand, excavation in Area B3 looking towards the midden
- 365 Sand, a selection of the raw materials from which the flaked stone tools were made
- 346 Sand, the ground stone axe
- 570 Sand, worked bone, bevel ended tools and the harpoon fragment
- 571 Sand, perforated cowrie
- 459 Sand, cut scallop
- 572 Sand, boar’s tusk
- 573 Native birch woodland in Applecross
- 574 Remains of Pinus sylvestris in a local bog
- 362 Sand, Area A during excavation of heat fractured rock
- 575 Radiocarbon determinations relating to the Mesolithic from Sand and nearby sites (Wickham-Jones & Hardy forthcoming & Hardy et al forthcoming a)
- 576 Location of non-SFS Mesolithic sites mentioned in text
- 343 Sand, Area A at the end of excavation, the dark shell free organic deposits can clearly be seen below the slumped midden
- 209 The rockshelter high in the cliff at SFS 8 Loch a Sguirr, Raasay
- 43 General view of SFS 104, Fearnmore 1 which lies just above the small cove in the centre of the photo
- 577 The testpitting team in the dunes at SFS 9 Redpoint
- 25 Shovelpitting on the terrace at SFS 75, Applecross Manse
- 8 View to the W across the Inner Sound
- 578 Location of SFS sites mentioned in text, sites dating to later than the Mesolithic
- 579 Surveyors make use of a well maintained shelter at SFS 40, Toscaig 8
- 144 SFS 89, Coire Sgamhadail
- 119 SFS 77, Camusteel 2
- 47 SFS 49, Creag-na-h-Uamha
- 51 SFS 99, Clachan Church, Test Pit 2 lies in the central foreground
- 46 SFS 58, Rubha Chuaig, general view, the site lies in the centre of the picture
- 48 SFS 96, Meallabhan lies half way down this dune
- 233 Pin from SFS 96, Meallabhan
- 6 SFS 2, Crowlin 1 is prominent in the seascape
- 57 Active erosion at the edge of the cliff at SFS 29, An Corran B in 1999
- 100 General view of An Corran from the N, the site lies below the rocky cliff in the centre of the picture
- 142 General view of SFS 144, Clachan Old Harbour, Raasay, from the NE
- 66 Preserved timbers in the mud at SFS 144, Clachan Old Harbour
- 365 Mixed lithic raw materials
- 580 SFS 42, Toscaig 10, one of the many sites at Toscaig
- 581 Considerable dedication was called for from all who took part
- 582 The logistics of sorting and processing all the material were great
- 583 Final view across the Inner Sound
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